DYSPHAGIA IN ELDERLY
Sari
Buku ini secara khusus membahas fenomena disfagia atau kesulitan menelan, yang semakin menjadi perhatian krusial dalam populasi lansia. Seiring bertambahnya usia, berbagai perubahan fisiologis dan patologis dapat memengaruhi fungsi menelan, menjadikan disfagia sebagai kondisi yang tidak hanya umum, tetapi juga berpotensi mengancam jiwa jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Kami sangat menyadari bahwa kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius, termasuk malnutrisi, dehidrasi, dan yang paling berbahaya, pneumonia aspirasi, yang secara langsung berkontribusi pada peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas.
Melalui buku ini, kami berupaya menyajikan informasi komprehensif dan terkini mengenai disfagia pada lansia. Pembahasan mencakup etiologi multifaktorial yang mendasari kondisi ini, manifestasi klinis yang perlu diwaspadai, serta metode diagnostik terkini yang esensial untuk penanganan yang akurat. Lebih lanjut, buku ini merinci berbagai strategi intervensi terapeutik, mulai dari modifikasi diet dan terapi rehabilitasi menelan, hingga opsi medis dan prosedural yang relevan, semuanya disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan spesifik populasi lansia.
Semoga buku “Dysphagia in Elderly” dapat menjadi sumber referensi yang berharga bagi para dokter, perawat, terapis wicara dan bahasa, ahli gizi, serta seluruh tenaga kesehatan yang terlibat dalam perawatan geriatri. Selain itu, buku ini juga ditujukan bagi keluarga dan pengasuh yang berdedikasi dalam merawat lansia, agar mereka memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kondisi ini dan dapat memberikan dukungan yang optimal.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
Affoo, R. H., Foley, N., Rosenbek, J., Kevin Shoemaker, J., & Martin, R. E. (2013). Swallowing dysfunction and autonomic nervous system dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: A scoping review of the evidence. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(12), 2203–2213. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12553
Antonios, N., Carnaby-mann, G., Crary, M., Miller, L., Hubbard, H., Hood, K., Sambandam, R., Xavier, A., & Silliman, S. (2010). Analysis of a Physician Tool for Evaluating Dysphagia on an Inpatient Stroke Unit : The Modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 19(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.03.007
Aoki, Y., Kabuto, S., & Ozeki, Y. (2015). The effect of tongue pressure strengthening exercise for dysphagic patients. Japanese Journal of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Science, 6, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.11336/jjcrs.6.129
Aslam, M., & Vaezi, M. F. (2013). Dysphagia in the Elderly. Gastroenterology Hepatology, 9(12), 784–795.
Baijens, L. W. J., Clavé, P., Cras, P., Ekberg, O., Forster, A., Kolb, G. F., Leners, J. C., Masiero, S., Mateos-Nozal, J., Ortega, O., Smithard, D. G., Speyer, R., & Walshe, M. (2016). European society for swallowing disorders - European union geriatric medicine society white paper: Oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 11, 1403–1428. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S107750
Baine, W. B., Yu, W., & Summe, J. P. (2001). Epidemiologic trends in the hospitalization of elderly medicare patients for pneumonia, 1991-1998. American Journal of Public Health, 91(7), 1121–1123. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.7.1121
Bedin, M. G., Droz-Mendelzweig, M., & Chappuis, M. (2013). Caring for elders: The role of registered nurses in nursing homes. Nursing Inquiry, 20(2), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2012.00598.x
Belafsky, P. C., Mouadeb, D. A., Rees, C. J., Pryor, J. C., Postma, G. N., Allen, J., & Leonard, R. J. (2008). Validity and Reliability of the Eating Assessment Tool ( EAT-10 ). 117(12), 919–924.
Blumenfeld, L., Hahn, Y., LePage, A., Leonard, R., & Belafsky, P. C. (2006). Transcutaneous electrical stimulation versus traditional dysphagia therapy: A nonconcurrent cohort study. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 135(5), 754–757.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2006.04.016
Buchholz, D. W. (1994). Neurogenic dysphagia: What is the cause when the cause is not obvious? Dysphagia, 9(4), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301918
Buehring, B., Hind, J., Fidler, E., Krueger, D., Binkley, N., & Robbins, J. (2013). Tongue Strength Is Associated with Jumping Mechanography Performance and Handgrip Strength but Not with Classic Functional Tests in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(3), 418–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12124
Carnaby-Mann, G. D., & Crary, M. A. (2010). McNeill Dysphagia Therapy Program: A Case-Control Study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(5), 743–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.01.013
Carnaby, G. D., & Harenberg, L. (2013). What is ‘“ Usual Care ”’ in Dysphagia Rehabilitation : A Survey of USA Dysphagia Practice Patterns. Dysphagia. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-013-9467-8
Chan, M. Q., & Balasubramanian, G. (2019). Esophageal Dysphagia in the Elderly. Current Treatment Options Gastroenterology, 17(4), 534–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-019-00264-z
Clark, H. M., Henson, P. A., Barber, W. D., Stierwalt, J. A. G., & Sherrill, M. (2003). Relationships Among Subjective and Objective Measures of Tongue Strength and Oral Phase Swallowing Impairments. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 12(February), 40–50.
Clark, H. M., & Solomon, N. P. (2012). Age and sex differences in orofacial strength. Dysphagia, 27(1), 2–9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-011-9328-2
Clavé, P., Rofes, L., Carrión, S., Ortega, O., Cabré, M., Serra-Prat, M., & Arreola, V. (2012). Pathophysiology, Relevance and Natural History of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia among Older People. Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, 72, 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1159/000339986
Clavé, P., Terré, R., Kraa, M. de, & Serra, M. (2004). Approaching oropharyngeal dysphagia. Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas, 96(2), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1130-01082004000200005
Colby, S. L., & Ortman, J. M. (2015). Projections of the Size and Composition of the U.S. Population: 2014 to 2060. United States Census Bureau, 25–1143. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2015/demo/p25-1143.html
Cook, I. J., & Kahrilas, P. J. (1999). AGA technical review on management of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Gastroenterology, 116(2), 455–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70144-7
Crary, M. A., Carnaby, G. D., Lagorio, L. A., & Carvajal, P. J. (2012). Functional and physiological outcomes from an exercise-based dysphagia therapy: A pilot investigation of the mcneill dysphagia therapy program. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93(7), 1173–1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.11.008
Crow, H. C., & Ship, J. A. (1996). Tongue strength and endurance in different aged individuals. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 51(5), 247–250. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/51A.5.M247
Daniels, S. K., Anderson, J. A., & Willson, P. C. (2012). Valid items for screening dysphagia risk in patients with stroke: A systematic review. Stroke, 43(3), 892–897. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.640946
Depippo, K. L., Holas, M. A., & Reding, M. J. (1992). Validation of the 3-oz Water Swallow Test for Aspiration Following Stroke. Arch Neurol, 49(12), 1259–1261. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1992.00530360057018
Drenth, J. P. H., Bos, L. P., & Engels, L. G. J. B. (1990). Efficacy of diltiazem in the treatment of diffuse oesophageal spasm. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutic, 4(4), 411–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1990.tb00487.x
Dziewas, R., Beck, A. M., Clave, P., Hamdy, S., Heppner, H. J., Langmore, S. E., Leischker, A., Martino, R., Pluschinski, P., Roesler, A., Shaker, R., Warnecke, T., Sieber, C. C., Volkert, D., & Wirth, R. (2017). Recognizing the Importance of Dysphagia : Stumbling Blocks and Stepping Stones in the Twenty-First Century. 78–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-9746-2
Edmiaston, J., Slp, C. C. C., Connor, L. T., Steger-may, K., & Ford, A. L. (2013). A Simple Bedside Stroke Dysphagia Screen , Validated against Videofluoroscopy , Detects Dysphagia and Aspiration with High Sensitivity. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.06.030
Fraser, C., Power, M., Hamdy, S., Rothwell, J., Hobday, D., Hollander, I., Tyrell, P., Hobson, A., Williams, S., & Thompson, D. (2002). Driving plasticity in human adult motor cortex is associated with improved motor function after brain injury. Neuron, 34(5), 831–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00705-5
Fraser, C., Rothwell, J., Power, M., Hobson, A., Thompson, D., & Hamdy, S. (2003). Differential changes in human pharyngoesophageal motor excitability induced by swallowing, pharyngeal stimulation, and anesthesia. American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 285(1 48-1), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00399.2002
Fujiu, M., & Logemann, J. A. (1996). Effect of a Tongue-Holding Maneuver on Posterior Pharyngeal Wall Movement During Deglutition. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 5(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0501.23
Hamdy, S., Aziz, Q., Rothwell, J. C., Power, M., Singh, K. D., Nicholson, D. A., Tallis, R. C., & Thompson, D. G. (1998). Recovery of swallowing after dysphagic stroke relates to functional reorganization in the intact motor cortex. Gastroenterology, 115(5), 1104–1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70081-2
Hara, K., Tohara, H., Kobayashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Yoshimi, K., Nakane, A., & Minakuchi, S. (2018). Age-related declines in the swallowing muscle strength of men and women aged 20–89 years: A cross-sectional study on tongue pressure and jaw-opening force in 980 subjects. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 78(February), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2018.05.015
Hind, J. A., Nicosia, M. A., Roecker, E. B., Carnes, M. L., & Robbins, J. (2001). Comparison of Effortful and Noneffortful Swallows in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(12), 1661–1665. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.28006
Hiss, S. G., & Huckabee, M. L. (2005). Timing of Pharyngeal and Upper Esophageal Sphincter Pressures as a Function of Normal and Effortful Swallowing in Young Healthy Adults. Dysphagia, 20(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-005-0008-y
Hummel, F. C., & Cohen, L. G. (2006). Non-invasive brain stimulation: a new strategy to improve neurorehabilitation after stroke? The Lancet Neurology, 5(8), 708–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70525-7
Hummel, F., Celnik, P., Giraux, P., Floel, A., Wu, W. H., Gerloff, C., & Cohen, L. G. (2005). Effects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke. Brain, 128(3), 490–499. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh369
Ickenstein, G. W., Riecker, A., Höhlig, C., Müller, R., Becker, U., Reichmann, H., & Prosiegel, M. (2010). Pneumonia and in-hospital mortality in the context of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (NOD) in stroke and a new NOD step-wise concept. Journal of Neurology, 257(9), 1492–1499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5558-8
Igarashi, K., Kikutani, T., & Tamura, F. (2019). Survey of suspected dysphagia prevalence in home-dwelling older people using the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool ( EAT-10 ). PLoS ONE, 14(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211040
Jones, B. (2003). Normal and Abnormal Swallowing: Imaging in Diagnosis and Therapy (B. Jones (ed.); 2nd ed). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22434-3
Jones, C. A., & Ciucci, M. R. (2016). Multimodal Swallowing Evaluation with High-Resolution Manometry Reveals Subtle Swallowing Changes in Early and Mid-Stage Parkinson Disease. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 6(1), 197–208. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-150687
Kahrilas, P. J., Logemann, J. A., Krugler, C., & Flanagan, E. (1991). Volitional augmentation of upper esophageal sphincter opening during swallowing. American Physiological Society, 260(3 (Pt1)), G450–G456. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.260.3.G450
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2017). ANALISIS LANSIA DI INDONESIA.
Krekeler, B. N., Rowe, L. M., & Connor, N. P. (2020). Dose in Exercise ‑ Based Dysphagia Therapies : A Scoping Review. Dysphagia. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10104-3
Lazarus, C. (2012). Manual of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques for Disorders of Deglutition. Manual of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques for Disorders of Deglutition, 269–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3779-6
Lazarus, C. L., Logemann, J. A., Huang, C. F., & Rademaker, A. W. (2003). Effects of two types of tongue strengthening exercises in young normals. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 55(4), 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1159/000071019
Lazarus, C., Logemann, J. A., Song, C. W., Rademaker, A., & Kahrilas, P. J. (2002). Effects of Voluntary Maneuvers on Tongue Base Function for Swallowing. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 54(4), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.1159/000063192
Lee, J. H., Kim, H. S., Yun, D. H., Chon, J., Han, Y. J., Yoo, S. D., Kim, D. H., Lee, S. A., Joo, H. I., Park, J. su, Kim, J. C., & Soh, Y. (2016). The relationship between tongue pressure and oral dysphagia in stroke patients. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40(4), 620–628. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.4.620
Li, M., Wang, Z., Han, W.-J., Lu, S.-Y., & Fang, Y.-Z. (2015). Effect of feeding management on aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients with dysphagia. Chinese Nursing Research, 2(2), 40–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnre.2015.09.004
Logemann, J. A. (1998). The Evaluation and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, 6(6), 395–400.
Logemann, J. A. (2008). Treatment of Oral and Pharyngeal Dysphagia. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 19(4), 803–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2008.06.003
Logemann, J. A., Pauloski, B. R., Rademaker, A. W., & Colangelo, L. A. (1997). Super-supraglottic swallow in irradiated head and neck cancer patients. Head and Neck, 19(6), 535–540. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0347(199709)19:6<535::aid-hed11>3.0.co;2-4
Logemann, J. A., Veis, S., & Colangelo, L. (1999). A screening procedure for oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia, 14(1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00009583
Logrippo, S., Ricci, G., Sestili, M., Cespi, M., Ferrara, L., Palmieri, G. F., Ganzetti, R., Bonacucina, G., & Blasi, P. (2017). Oral drug therapy in elderly with dysphagia: Between a rock and a hard place! Clinical Interventions in Aging, 12, 241–251. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S121905
Malhi, H. (2016). Dysphagia: warning signs and management. British Journal of Nursing, 25(10), 546–549. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2016.25.10.546
Mann, G. (2002). MASA : Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability. Thomson Learning Inc.
Martino, R., Silver, F., Teasell, R., Bayley, M., Nicholson, G., Streiner, D. L., & Diamant, N. E. (2009). Development and Validation of a Dysphagia Screening Tool for Patients With Stroke. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.510370
Masiero, S., Briani, C., Marchese-Ragona, R., Giacometti, P., Costantini, M., & Zaninotto, G. (2006). Successful treatment of long-standing post-stroke dysphagia with botulinum toxin and rehabilitation. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 38(3), 201–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/16501970500515840
Mcginnis, C. M., Homan, K., Solomon, M., Taylor, J., Staebell, K., Erger, D., & Raut, N. (2019). Dysphagia : Interprofessional Management , Impact , and Patient-Centered Care. 34(1), 80–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10239
Miller, S., Jungheim, M., Kühn, D., & Ptok, M. (2014). Electrical stimulation in treatment of pharyngolaryngeal dysfunctions. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 65(3), 154–168. https://doi.org/10.1159/000355562
Mishra, A., Rajappa, A., Tipton, E., & Malandraki, G. A. (2015). The Recline Exercise: Comparisons with the Head Lift Exercise in Healthy Adults. Dysphagia, 30(6), 730–737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-9651-0
Molfenter, S. M., Lenell, C., & Lazarus, C. L. (2019). Volumetric Changes to the Pharynx in Healthy Aging: Consequence for Pharyngeal Swallow Mechanics and Function. Dysphagia, 34(1), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-018-9924-5
Momosaki, R., Abo, M., & Kakuda, W. (2014). Bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with intensive swallowing rehabilitation for chronic stroke dysphagia: A case series study. Case Reports in Neurology, 6(1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1159/000360936
Morita, K., Tsuka, H., Kato, K., Mori, T., Nishimura, R., Yoshida, M., & Tsuga, K. (2018). Factors related to masticatory performance in healthy elderly individuals. Journal of Prosthodontic Research, 62(4), 432–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2018.03.007
Morris, H. (2006). Dysphagia in the elderly – a management challenge for nurses. British Journal of Nursing, 15(10), 558–562. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2006.15.10.21132
Murry, T., Wasserman, T., Carrau, R. L., & Castillo, B. (2005). Injection of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter. American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery, 26(3), 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2004.11.010
Nakato, R., Manabe, N., Kamada, T., Matsumoto, H., Shiotani, A., Hata, J., & Haruma, K. (2017). Age-Related Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Esophageal Motility in Patients with Dysphagia. Dysphagia, 32(3), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-9763-1
Namasivayam-macdonald, A. M., & Riquelme, L. F. (2019). Presbyphagia to Dysphagia : Multiple Perspectives and Strategies for Quality Care of Older Adults. Seminars in Speech & Language, 40(3), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688837
Namasivayam, A. M., & Steele, C. M. (2015). Malnutrition and Dysphagia in Long-Term Care : A Systematic Review. Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 34(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2014.1002656
National Foundation of Swallowing Disorders. (2013). How Aging Affects Our Swallowing Ability. https://swallowingdisorderfoundation.com/medical-conditions/older-adults/
National Institute of Health. (2014). NIDCD Fact Sheet on Voice, Speech, and Languege : Dysphagia. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov
Nawaz, S., & Tulunay-ugur, O. E. (2018). Dysphagia in the Older Patient. Otolaryngologic Clinics of NA, 51(4), 769–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2018.03.006
Nazarko, L. (2016). Dysphagia in primary care: A guide for practice nurses. Practice Nursing, 27(2), 65–69. https://doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2016.27.2.65
Ney, D. M., Weiss, J. M., Kind, A. J. H., Robbins, J., & Robbins, J. (2009). Senescent Swallowing: Impact, Strategies, and Interventions. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 24(3), 395–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533609332005
Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2000). Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. Journal of Physiology, 527(3), 633–639. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x
Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2001). Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in. Neurology, 57(10), 1899–1901. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.57.10.1899
Park, J. S., Oh, D. H., & Chang, M. (2016). Comparison of maximal tongue strength and tongue strength used during swallowing in relation to age in healthy adults. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(2), 442–445. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.442
Pede, C. Di, Del, M. E. M. A., & Masiero, F. S. (2015). Dysphagia in the elderly : focus on rehabilitation strategies. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-015-0481-6
Pitts, L. L., Stierwalt, J. A. G., Hageman, C. F., & LaPointe, L. L. (2017). The Influence of Oropalatal Dimensions on the Measurement of Tongue Strength. Dysphagia, 32(6), 759–766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-017-9820-4
Restivo, D. A., Marchese-Ragona, R., Patti, F., Solaro, C., Maimone, D., Zappalá, G., & Pavone, A. (2011). Botulinum toxin improves dysphagia associated with multiple sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology, 18(3), 486–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03189.x
Robbins, J., Hamilton, J. W., Lof, G. L., & Kempster, G. B. (1992). Oropharyngeal swallowing in normal adults of different ages. Gastroenterology, 103(3), 823–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(92)90013-O
Rofes, L., Arreola, V., Almirall, J., Cabré, M., Campins, L., Garcia-Peris, P., Speyer, R., & Clavé, P. (2011). Diagnosis and Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Its Nutritional and Respiratory Complications in the Elderly. Gastroenterology Research and Practice, 2011, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/818979
Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. (2014). RCSLT Manual for Commissioning and Planning Services for Dysphagia.
Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. (2016). Giving Voice to People with Swallowing Difficulties.
Rudnicka, E., Napierała, P., Podfigurna, A., Męczekalski, B., Smolarczyk, R., & Grymowicz, M. (2020). The World Health Organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing. Maturitas, 139(February), 6–11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.018
Sakai, K., Nakayama, E., Tohara, H., Kodama, K., Takehisa, T., Takehisa, Y., & Ueda, K. (2017). Relationship between tongue strength, lip strength, and nutrition-related sarcopenia in older rehabilitation inpatients: A cross-sectional study. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 12, 1207–1214. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S141148
Schindler, A., Vincon, Æ. E., Grosso, Æ. E., Maria, Æ. A., Di, R., Oskar, R. Æ., & Phoniatrician, Á. R. Á. (2008). Rehabilitative Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Acute Care Settings : Data from a Large Italian Teaching Hospital. Dysphagia, 23(3), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-9121-4
Schnoll-sussman, F., & Katz, P. O. (2016). Managing Esophageal Dysphagia in the Elderly. Current Treatment Options Gastroenterology, 14, 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-016-0102-2
Shaker, R., Easterling, C., Kern, M., Nitschke, T., Massey, B., Daniels, S., Grande, B., Kazandjian, M., & Dikeman, K. (2002). Rehabilitation of swallowing by exercise in tube-fed patients with pharyngeal dysphagia secondary to abnormal UES opening. Gastroenterology, 122(5), 1314–1321. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2002.32999
Shaker, R., Kern, M., Bardan, E., Taylor, A., Stewart, E. T., Hoffmann, R. G., Arndorfer, R. C., Hofmann, C., & Bonnevier, J. (1997). Augment & ion of deglutitive upper opening in the elderly by exercise esophageal sphincter. American Physiological Society, 35, 1518–1522.
Smukalla, S. M., Dimitrova, I., Feintuch, J. M., & Khan, A. (2017). Dysphagia in the Elderly. Current Treatment Options Gastroenterology, 15(3), 382–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-017-0144-0
Stål, P., Marklund, S., Thornell, L. E., De Paul, R., & Eriksson, P. O. (2003). Fibre composition of human intrinsic tongue muscles. Cells Tissues Organs, 173(3), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1159/000069470
Suiter, D. M., Leder, S. B., & Ruark, J. L. (2006). Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on submental muscle activity. Dysphagia, 21(1), 56–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-005-9010-7
Suntrup, S., Teismann, I., Wollbrink, A., Winkels, M., Warnecke, T., Flöel, A., Pantev, C., & Dziewas, R. (2013). Magnetoencephalographic evidence for the modulation of cortical swallowing processing by transcranial direct current stimulation. NeuroImage, 83, 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.055
Sura, L., Madhavan, A., Carnaby, G., & Crary, M. A. (2012). Dysphagia in the elderly : management and nutritional considerations. Dove Press Journal, 7, 287–298. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S23404
Swan, K., Speyer, R., Heijnen, B. J., Wagg, B., & Cordier, R. (2015). Living with oropharyngeal dysphagia : effects of bolus modification on health-related quality of life - a systematic review. Quality of Life Research, 24(10), 2447–2456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-015-0990-y
Trapl, M., Enderle, P., Nowotny, M., Teuschl, Y., Matz, K., Dachenhausen, A., & Brainin, M. (2015). Dysphagia Bedside Screening for Acute-Stroke Patients The Gugging Swallowing Screen. 2948–2953. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.483933
Troche, M. S., Okun, M. S., Rosenbek, J. C., Musson, N., Fernandez, H. H., Rodriguez, R., Romrell, J., Pitts, T., Wheeler-Hegland, K. M., & Sapienza, C. M. (2010). Aspiration and swallowing in Parkinson disease and rehabilitation with EMST: a randomized trial. Neurology, 75(21), 1912–1919. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181fef115
Turner-lawrence, D. E., Peebles, M., Price, M. F., Singh, S. J., & Asimos, A. W. (2009). A Feasibility Study of the Sensitivity of Emergency Physician Dysphagia Screening in Acute Stroke Patients. YMEM, 54(3), 344-348.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.03.007
United Nations, D. of E. and S. A. P. D. (2020). World Population Ageing 2019 (ST/ESA/SER.A/444).
Vanderwegen, J., Guns, C., Van Nuffelen, G., Elen, R., & De Bodt, M. (2013). The influence of age, sex, bulb position, visual feedback, and the order of testing on maximum anterior and posterior tongue strength and endurance in healthy Belgian adults. Dysphagia, 28(2), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-012-9425-x
Wirth, R., Dziewas, R., Beck, A. M., Clavé, P., Hamdy, S., Heppner, H. J., Langmore, S., Leischker, A. H., Martino, R., Pluschinski, P., Rösler, A., Shaker, R., Warnecke, T., Sieber, C. C., & Volkert, D. (2016). Oropharyngeal dysphagia in older persons – from pathophysiology to adequate intervention: A review and summary of an international expert meeting. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 11, 189–208. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S97481
Xinyi, D. Y., Ahmad, A., & Vesualingam, M. (2018). Medical Officers’ Awareness, Involvement and Training in Dysphagia Management. Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 16(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2018-1601-02
Yeates, E. M., Molfenter, S. M., & Steele, C. M. (2008). Improvements in tongue strength and pressure-generation precision following a tongue-pressure training protocol in older individuals with dysphagia : Three case reports. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 3(4), 735–747. https://doi.org/10.2147/cia.s3825
Youmans, S. R., & Stierwalt, J. A. G. (2006). Measures of Tongue Function Related to Normal Swallowing. Dysphagia, 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-006-9013-z
Youmans, S. R., Youmans, G. L., & Stierwalt, J. A. G. (2008). Differences in tongue strength across age and gender: Is there a diminished strength reserve? Dysphagia, 24(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-008-9171-2
Zhang, R., & Ju, X. M. (2018). Clinical improvement of nursing intervention in swallowing dysfunction of elderly stroke patients. Biomedical Research (India), 29(6), 1099–1102. https://doi.org/10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-17-3586.
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
.png)
.png)
.png)